Treaty of Bucharest

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Romania

Picture - A French caricature on the treaty: William II points a dagger at a woman (Romania), while showing her the Peace Treaty.

The Treaty of Bucharest was a peace treaty which the German Empire forced Romania to sign on 7 May 1918 following the Romanian campaign of 1916-1917.

Among its terms:

Romania had to return Southern Dobruja (the Cadrilater) and to cede the southern part of Northern Dobruja (see the map) to Bulgaria, while the rest of the province remained under the joint control of the Central Powers.
Romania had to give Austria-Hungary control of the passes of the Carpathian Mountains.
Romania had to lease its oil wells to Germany for 90 years.
The Central Powers recognized the Union of Bessarabia with Romania

Alexandru Marghiloman negotiated and signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers on 7 May 1918. However, King Ferdinand I of Romania refused to sign the treaty (already ratified by the Chamber of Deputies on 28 June and by the Senate on 4 July 1918).

Although Bulgaria received a part of Northern Dobruja, it continued to lobby Germany and Austria-Hungary for the annexation of the whole province, including the condominium established by the Treaty of Bucharest. After negotiations, a protocol regarding the transfer of the jointly administered zone in Northern Dobruja to Bulgaria was signed on 25 September 1918, in Berlin by Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. As compensation Bulgaria agreed to cede the left bank of the Maritsa river to Turkey. However, this agreement was short-lived because after 4 days, on 29 September Bulgaria had to capitulate in the face of the advancing Allied forces (See also: the Armistice with Bulgaria).

The treaty was denounced in October 1918 by the Alexandru Marghiloman government and subsequently nullified by the terms of the Armistice of 11 November 1918.

In 1919, Germany was forced in the Treaty of Versailles to renounce all the benefits provided by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918. The territorial transfers to Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria were annulled by the treaties of Saint-Germain (1919), Trianon (1920) and Neuilly (1919), respectively.

Picture - Map of Dobruja

Romania during World War I
Treaty of Bucharest, 1812
Treaty of Bucharest, 1913
Treaty of Bucharest, 1916

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Source: WikiPedia